UNIT IV : International Business
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
- Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Corporations-MNCs Culture, MNCs and LDCs, Joint Ventures.
- Regional Economic Integration :SAARC, ASEAN, EC, NAFTA.
- India and WTO, Intellectual Property Rights.
- Foreign Exchange : Exchange rate, Mechanism, Risk management, Transfer of international payments, Convertibility of Rupee, Current and Capital Accounts; Issues and Perceptions, Derivatives and Futures.
- Foreign investment Institutions; Instruments : GDRs, ADRs, FIIs-their role in Indian Capital Market.
UNIT IV
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
1. Which of the following statements
about the dynamics of world trade is true?
a. The dollar value of world trade has
more than doubled in the past decade.
b. Manufactured goods account for 75
percent of world trade.
c. One-fourth of world trade includes services such as
telecommunications, transportation, insurance, education, etc.
d. World trade will likely exceed $11.5
trillion in 2005.
e. All of the above statements about
the dynamics of world trade are true.
Answer: e
2. The use of barter rather than money
in making international sales is called:
a. predatory pricing.
b. a countertrade.
c. cross-cultural exchange.
d. economic adaptation.
e. trade feedback.
Answer: b
3. When the Malaysian
government exchanged 20, 000 tons of rice for an equivalent amount of
Philippine corn, this is an example of:
a. predatory pricing.
b. a countertrade.
c. cross-cultural exchange.
d. economic adaptation.
e. trade feedback.
Answer: b
4 Recipco and Tradaq are both
companies that connect international companies who want to trade the product
they make for products they need.
Recipco and Tradaq assist international companies in making:
a. predatory exchanges.
b. cross-cultural exchanges.
c. countertrades.
d. economic adaptations.
e. cross-trade feedbacks.
Answer: c
5. Which
of the following statements accurately describes the global perspective on
world trade?
a. Exports are of significantly greater
importance than imports.
b. Imports are of significantly greater
importance than exports.
c. Imports and exports should be complementary economic
flows; imports affecting exports, and exports affecting imports.
d. The balance of exports and imports
should always be kept in a state of equilibrium.
e. Imports and exports should be controlled through
extensive use of international tariffs and trade regulations.
Answer: c
6. ______ is the phenomenon in which a country's imports
affect its exports and its exports affect its imports.
a. Symbiotic commercial transaction.
b. Trade feedback effect
c. Product exchange loop
d. Balance of trade
e. Trade equity
Answer: b
7. The
trade feedback effect is one argument for:
a. protectionism.
b. increased tariffs and quotas.
c. international trade associations.
d. decreasing a nation's imports.
e. free trade agreements.
Answer: e
8. _____ is the monetary value of all goods and services
produced in a country during one year.
a. Gross national debt
b. National monetary reserve
c. Gross domestic product
d. Annual domestic debt
e. Annual production value
Answer: c
9 Which of the following statements
about gross domestic product (GDP) is true?
a. The United States is the world's
leader in terms of GDP (gross domestic product).
b. The relative position of the United States as a supplier
to the world has diminished despite an absolute growth in exports.
c. The United States is running a continuing trade deficit,
despite having the world's largest gross domestic product.
d. The United States' relative role as an exporter has
increased especially in areas of automobile, textile, apparel, and consumer
electronics products.
e. All of the above statements about
gross domestic product (GDP) are true.
Answer: e
10. The United States is the world's
perennial leader in terms of ______, which is the monetary value of all goods
and services produced in a country during one year.
a. balance of payments (BOP)
b. international indebtedness (IID.
c. transfer payment options (TPO)
d. gross domestic product (GDP)
e. national production revenues (NPR)
Answer: d
11. The
difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports is
called its:
a. symbiotic trade.
b. countertrade.
c. reciprocity.
d. gross national product.
e. balance of trade.
Answer: e
12. The
three largest importers of U.S. goods and services are:
a. Canada, Japan, and Mexico.
b. Japan, Germany, and Canada.
c. China, Brazil, and Germany.
d. Mexico, Canada, and China.
e. England, France, and Germany.
Answer: a
13. World
trade flows to and from the United States reflect _____ for goods and services
among nations and industries.
a. demand and supply interdependencies
b. holistic trade
c. positive and negative synergistic
trade
d. a negative currency exchange
e. national supremacy
Answer: a
14. Michael
Porter has identified four key elements to explain why some companies and
industries succeed globally while others fail.
These four elements collectively are called:
a. balance of trade.
b. the “diamond” of national
competitive advantage.
c. industrial diversity.
d. trade feedback effect.
e. protectionism.
Answer: b
15. Michael
Porter has identified four key elements in a nation's competitive
advantage. They are demand conditions;
related and supporting industries; and company strategy, structure, and
rivalry; and:
a. consumer behavior.
b. industrial diversity.
c. governmental regulation.
d. timing.
e. factor conditions.
Answer: e
16. A
nation's ability to turn its natural resources, education, and infrastructure
into a competitive advantage is reflected in:
a. structural conditions.
b. demand conditions.
c. socio-cultural conditions.
d. competitive conditions.
e. factor conditions.
Answer: e
17 According to Michael Porter's diamond
of national competitive advantage, both the number and sophistication of
domestic customers for an industry's product are examples of:
a. structural conditions.
b. demand conditions.
c. socio-cultural conditions.
d. competitive conditions.
e. factor conditions.
Answer: b
18 Three-quarters of Guatemalans are
under 30. About 65 percent of all
Guatemalans are indigenous Amerindians of Mayan origin. These _____ would impact what type of
international businesses would be successful in Guatemala.
a. structural conditions
b. demand conditions
c. socio-cultural conditions
d. competitive conditions
e. factor conditions
Answer: b
13. Statements :
(I) Penetration price covers all costs
(II) The objective of skimming price policy is to
penetrate the market with the lowest possible price
(A) Both correct
(B) Both wrong
(C) I correct, II wrong
(D) I wrong, II correct
Ans. c
.
20. Austria
has been described as “the very heartland of European coffee culture.” Austrians drink 21.5 liters of coffee per
person annually. Starbucks wanted to
open coffeehouses in Austria and sell Starbucks coffee there. For Starbucks, the Austrian level of coffee
sophistication would be an example of:
a. structural conditions.
b. demand conditions.
c. socio-cultural conditions.
d. competitive conditions.
e. factor conditions.
Answer: b
21 Which of the following is an example
of a demand condition?
a. natural resources
b. existence of supplier clusters
c. sophistication of consumers
d. intensity of competition
e. wage rates
Answer: c
22 To become leaders in the world
market, countries need related and supporting industries because:
a. suppliers can generate revenue for
further investment.
b. they want to eliminate the need to
import materials from other countries.
c. clusters of strong suppliers can
accelerate innovation.
d. most countries still believe
strongly in protectionism.
e. All of the above.
Answer: c
23. Which
of the following is an example of related and supporting industries?
a. media exposure of products
b. existence of supplier clusters
c. sophistication of consumers
d. intensity of competition
e. size of market
Answer: b
24.
Statements :
(I) No gain from trade is shared between countries in
accordance with their relative strength of
demand.
(II) The terms of trade are against the primary producer
unless it has a monopoly or the product
has an inelastic demand abroad.
(A) Both correct
(B) Both incorrect
(C) I correct, II incorrect
(D) I incorrect, II correct
Ans. b.
25 Which of the following statements
about Michael Porter's theory about national competitive advantage is true?
a. Clusters of strong suppliers can
help accelerate innovation.
b. A firm that succeeds in global
markets has first succeeded in intense domestic competition.
c. A country's natural resources,
education, and infrastructure.
d. The number and sophistication of
domestic customers can help a nation’s producers become world leaders.
e. All of the above statements about
Michael Porter's theory about national competitive advantage are true.
Answer: e
”
26. Which of the following is an element of company
strategy, structure, and rivalry?
a. number of companies in an industry
b. public ownership
c. private ownership
d. intensity of competition
e. all of the above
Answer: e
27.
Although there are many factors contributing to the success of major global
marketers, a common theme seems to be that they:
a. first became involved with a
formalized trade organization (such as the EU, NAFTA, etc.).
b. specialized in services rather than
consumer goods.
c. employed a multi-cultural or
multi-national staff.
d. first succeeded in intense domestic
competition.
e. were the largest company in their
industry.
Answer: d
28 The Economic Espionage Act:
a. does not prescribe punishments for
anyone caught engaged in economic espionage.
b. is routinely enforced by United
Nations militia.
c. targets espionage activities that
are commonplace in the agricultural industry.
d. makes the theft of trade secrets by
foreign entities a federal crime in the U.S.
e. is accurately described by all of
the above.
Answer: d
29. Four
major trends affecting world trade in the early 21st century are formal
integration and free trade among nations, global competition among global
companies for global customers, the emergence of networked global marketspace,
and:
a. a gradual decline in economic
protectionism exercised by individual countries.
b. a significant increase in economic
protectionism and a decline in free trade.
c. redefined national boundaries and a
more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota
systems.
d. a decrease in most countries' GDPs
and a renewal of nationalism.
e. an increase in most countries' GDPs
coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.
Answer: a
30 Four major trends affecting world
trade in the early 21st century are a gradual decline in economic protectionism
exercised by individual countries, global competition among global companies
for global customers, the emergence of networked global marketspace, and:
a. an increase in economic protectionism
and a decline in free trade.
b. redefined national boundaries and a
more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota
systems.
c. formal integration and free trade
among nations.
d. a decrease in most countries' GDPs
and a renewal of nationalism.
e. an increase in most countries' GDPs
coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.
Answer: c
31. Four
major trends affecting world trade in the early 21st century are a gradual
decline in economic protectionism exercised by individual countries, formal
integration and free trade among nations, the emergence of networked global
marketspace, and:
a. an increase in economic
protectionism and a decline in free trade.
b. redefined national boundaries and a
more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota
systems.
c. a decrease in most countries' GDPs
and a renewal of nationalism.
d. global competition among global
companies for global customers.
e. an increase in most countries' GDPs
coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.
Answer: d
32 Four major trends affecting world
trade in the early 21st century are a gradual decline in economic protectionism
exercised by individual countries, formal integration and free trade among
nations, global competition among global companies for global customers, and:
a. an increase in economic
protectionism and a decline free trade.
b. redefined national boundaries and a
more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota
systems.
c. a decrease in most countries' GDPs
and a renewal of nationalism.
d. the emergence of networked global
marketspace.
e. an increase in most countries' GDPs
coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.
Answer: d
33 The practice of shielding one or more
sectors of a country's economy from foreign competition through the use of
tariffs or quotas is called:
a. the rule of protective domain.
b. ethnocentrism.
c. domestic imperialism.
d. protectionism.
e. blocked currency.
Answer: d
34. According to economists, protectionism:
a. protects a nation's political
security.
b. discourages economic dependency on
foreign countries.
c. encourages the development of
domestic industries.
d. protects domestic jobs.
e. does all of the above.
Answer: e
35. __________ is a permanent inter-governmental
body governing and regulating
international trade in goods and
services.
(A) G.A.T.T.
(B) EXIM Bank
(C) W.T.O.
(D) I.M.F.
Ans. a
36 Those in favor of protectionism would
never say that protectionism:
a. discourages economic dependency on
foreign countries.
b. encourages the development of
domestic industries.
c. protects domestic jobs.
d. protects a nation's political
security.
e. helps reduce tariffs and quotas.
Answer: e
37. In
April 2001, the Japanese government, under pressure from its farm lobby,
slapped government taxes on mushrooms, leeks, and the reeds used in tatami mats
that were being imported from China.
Japan levied:
a. GATT taxes.
b. quotas.
c. tariffs.
d. foreign excise taxes.
e. exchange subsidies.
Answer: c
38 In international marketing, a
government tax on goods or services entering a country is called a:
a. GATT tax.
b. quota.
c. tariff.
d. foreign excise tax.
e. farm subsidy.
Answer: c
39 Tariffs
serve primarily to:
a. encourage foreign trade.
b. equalize production capacity.
c. raise prices on imports.
d. limit the quantity of goods leaving
the domestic market.
e. provide consumers with the most
competitively priced goods.
Answer: c
40. If you wanted
to set up a business importing amber from Denmark to the United States, you
would have to plan on paying the U.S. Customs Service roughly 20 percent of the
value of the product as a:
a. bribe.
b. tariff.
c. subsidy fee.
d. revenue.
e. quota.
Answer: b
41 President
Bill Clinton attempted to protect American firms from foreign competition by
placing a government tax on Japanese automobiles imported to the United
States. President Clinton's goal was to
raise the price on Japanese imports, thereby encouraging American consumers to
purchase American-made automobiles. The
tax the President threatened to impose is an example of a(n):
a. boycott.
b. tariff.
c. quota.
d. sanction.
e. exchange subsidy.
Answer: b
42 A quota is:
a. a government tax on goods or
services entering a country.
b. a government tax on goods or
services leaving a country.
c. a restriction placed on the amount
of a product allowed to enter or leave a country.
d. the minimum quantity of goods
foreign manufacturers must produce in order to keep prices competitive.
e. a limit on the number of foreign
manufacturers from any single country allowed to compete in domestic markets.
Answer: c
43. In international marketing, a restriction placed on
the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country is called a:
a. GATT tax.
b. blocked currency.
c. tariff.
d. foreign excise tax.
e. quota.
Answer: e
44 The restriction on the importing of
garments made in Cambodia into the U.S. is lower for those manufacturers that
allow their factories to be monitored by the International Labor Organization
(ILO). These restrictions are examples of:
a. GATT taxes.
b. blocked currencies.
c. tariffs.
d. foreign excise taxes.
e. quotas.
Answer: e
45 Which of the following issues raises
a question about the ethics of protectionism?
a. Competitive advantage grows out of
continuous improvement.
b. Small firms succeed in foreign niche
markets.
c. Tariffs have declined from an
average of 40 percent to less than 5 percent.
d. Regional trade agreements provide
preferential treatment for member nations.
e. Pan-European marketing strategies
are possible due to greater uniformity in packaging standards.
Answer: d
46. The
world's largest manufacturer of peppermint candy canes was in Albany, Georgia,
until it could not longer afford to buy the sugar needed for its
operation. It moved its manufacturing
business to Mexico where there are no restrictions (as existed in the U.S.) on
the amount of sugar that can be brought into the nation. The movement of this U.S. business to Mexico
was caused by a(n) _____ established by the U.S. government.
a. tariff
b. blocked currency
c. quota
d. excise tax
e. exchange subsidy
Answer: c
47 The _____ is an international treaty
intended to limit trade barriers and promote world trade through the reduction
of tariffs.
a. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
b. General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT)
c. North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA.
d. Restraint of Trade Treaty (ROTT)
e. Great Oceanic Treaty on Trade (GOTT)
Answer: b
48 The
primary function of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) has been
to limit trade barriers and promote world trade through the:
a. establishment of an international
Board of Commerce.
b. explicit assessing of non-tariff
trade barriers of services.
c. reduction of tariffs.
d. equalization of international quotas
on manufactured goods.
e. complete removal of prejudicial
international pricing policies.
Answer: c
49. Every
country engages in some form of protectionism.
However, protectionism has declined internationally over the past 50
years due in large part to the:
a. Balance of Trade Agreement (BOTA).
b. International Trade Feedback Act
(ITFA).
c. General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT).
d. Gross Domestic Product Agreement
(GDPA).
e. Cross-Cultural Trade Act (CCTA).
Answer: c
50 The _____ is an institution that sets
rules governing trade between its members through a panel of trade experts who
decide on trade disputes between members and issue binding decisions.
a. World Health Organization
b. World Trade Organization
c. International Cooperation
Organization
d. League of Nations
e. Better Business Bureau
Answer: b
51 In
1993, twelve countries eliminated most of the barriers to the free flow of
goods, services, capital, and labor across their borders and created the:
a. North American Free Trade
Association.
b. European Union.
c. Latin American Free Trade
Organization.
d. Commonwealth of Independent States.
e. Association of Pacific Rim
Countries.
Answer: b
52. The EU has
benefited its member nations by providing:
a. the free flow of goods, services,
capital, and labor across borders within the EU.
b. abundant marketing opportunities
because it is no longer necessary to market products and services on a
nation-by-nation basis.
c. European-wide distribution from
fewer locations, given open borders.
d. issuance of a common currency, the
euro, replacing 11 national currencies in 2002.
e. all of the above.
Answer: e
53 The North American Free Trade
Agreement was designed to encourage free trade between:
a. North America, Central America, and
South America.
b. the United States, Canada, and
Mexico.
c. the United States and the European
Union.
d. member countries originally from
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
e. North America and The Commonwealth
of Independent States.
Answer: b
54 What
is the international agreement that lifted many trade barriers between the
United States and Mexico and that effectively established a trade arrangement
similar to the European Community?
a. the El Paso/Juarez Pact of 1990
b. the U.S.-Canada Fair Trade Agreement
of 1988
c. the Multinational Corporation
Accord of 1991
d. the North American Free Trade
Agreement of 1994
e. the Ross Perot Compromise of 1993
Answer: d
55. The
plan to create a Free Trade Area of the Americas by 2005 would include the
United States, Canada, Mexico, Latin American countries and:
a. Alaska.
b. Greenland.
c. Caribbean countries.
d. the Canary Islands.
e. Cuba.
Answer: c
56 _____ exists when firms originate,
produce, market their products and services worldwide.
a. Global competition
b. Global benefitizing
c. Transactional exchange
d. Internationalization
e. Acculturation
Answer: a
57 Collaborative
relationships are becoming a common way to meet the demands of global
competition. Global _____ are agreements
between two or more independent firms to cooperate for the purpose of achieving
common goals such as a competitive advantage or customer value creation.
a. monopolies
b. oligopolies
c. restraints of trade
d. strategic alliances
e. assertive interferences
Answer: d
58. Two
carmakers have developed a strange but successful partnership. Ford, a U.S.
automaker, and Mazda, an Asian carmaker, have collaborated on several models,
including the Explorer, the Probe, and the Mazda 323, and the MX-6. The U.S. automaker has supplied Mazda with
help in marketing, finance, and styling.
In return, Mazda has provided manufacturing and product development
expertise with Ford. Both companies have
worked together toward a common goal and both have benefited as a result of
their:
a. international savvy.
b. international competitive expertise.
c. strategic alliance.
d. knowledge of global competition.
e. common needs.
Answer: c
59 To enter the European market,
Starbucks joined in a cooperative venture with Bon Appetit Group A.G. in
Switzerland. Bon Appetit has the
recognized brand name and Starbucks has the product and the expertise to run
coffeehouses. Bon Appetit and Starbucks
benefited from their:
a. international competition.
b. tactical relationship.
c. functional co-design.
d. co-branding strategy.
e. strategic alliance.
Answer: e
60. Three types of companies populate and
compete in the global marketplace: international firms, multinational firms,
and _____ firms.
a. culturally diverse
b. transnational
c. polycentric
d. ethnocentric
e. decentralized
Answer: b
61 A(n) _____ firm engages in trade and
marketing in different countries as an extension of the marketing strategy in
its home country.
a. polycentric
b. foreign exploitative
c. international
d. multinational
e. transnational
Answer: c
62 A
firm that views the world as consisting of unique parts and markets to each
part differently is called a(n):
a. economic intruder.
b. foreign exploiter.
c. international firm.
d. multinational firm.
e. transnational firm.
Answer: d
63. A(n) _____ firm views the world as one
market and emphasizes cultural similarities across countries or the similarity
of consumer needs and wants more than differences.
a. polycentric
b. foreign exploitative
c. international
d. multinational
e. transnational
Answer: e
64. Match the items from List-I with the items in
List-II.
List - I List
- II
(a) t-test
(i) secondary data
(b) Regression test
(ii) systematic sampling
(c) Published sources
iii) hypothesis test
(d) Probability sampling (iv)
quota sampling
(v) multi-variable analysis
Code : (a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (v) (ii) (i) (iv)
(B) (v) (iii) (i) (iv)
(C) (iii) (v) (i) (ii)
(D) (v) (ii) (i) (iv)
Ans. c
65 Companies that use a(n) ______
marketing strategy have as many different product variations, brand names, and
advertising programs as countries in which they do business.
a. ethnocentric
b. multidomestic
c. transnational
d. standardized
e. reactive
Answer: b
67 The
practice of standardizing marketing activities when cultural similarities exist
and adapting them when cultures differ is called a _____ marketing strategy.
a. global
b. Malthusian
c. polyphonic
d. standardized
e. flexible
Answer: a
71 Customer
groups living in many countries or regions of the world who have similar needs
or seek similar features and benefits from products or services are called
_____ consumers.
a. multidomestic
b. global
c. international
d. multinational
e. transnational
Answer: b
72 Which
of the following statements about the emergence of a networked global market space
is true?
a. The chief advantage of the global
marketspace over the traditional bricks-and-mortar stores for customers is the
ability to shop anywhere, at any time, and at the lower cost.
b. More business-to-consumer marketing
is done on the Internet than business-to-business marketing.
c. The most active participants in the
networked global marketspace are companies in developing nations.
d. All business in the networked global
marketspace is conducted in English.
e. All of the above statements about
the emergence of a networked global marketspace are true.
Answer: a
73 The process that involves the study
of similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or
societies is called:
a. international attitude evaluation.
b. multigraphic societal scanning.
c. polyphasic anthropology.
d. cross-cultural analysis.
e. transnational attitudinalization.
Answer: d
74 Personally or socially preferable
modes of conduct or states of existence that are enduring are called:
a. customs.
b. ethics.
c. values.
d. culture.
e. beliefs.
Answer: c
75. Cleanliness
is a _____ that permeates Japan. Some
banks advertise that they actually wash the money deposited in them before it
is recirculated. Pentel makes a
germ-free pen for the Japanese market with the slogan “The pen is mightier than
the bacterium.”
a. value
b. cultural ethnocentrism
c. protectionist perspective
d. consumerist perspective
e. cognitive attitude
Answer: a
76 The
reverence that Japan shows towards its elderly is an example of the nation's:
a. values.
b. beliefs.
c. customs.
d. religion.
e. cultural ethnocentrism.
Answer: a
77 Almost
all countries have some division of social class. The determinant factor for assigning these
classes may differ from country to country.
For example, in the United States the primary determinant factor for
assigning social class is occupation, in India it is birthright, in China it is
geographical region and education, and in Singapore it is income. These differences are best explained in terms
of a country's:
a. cultural ethnocentrism.
b. beliefs.
c. customs.
d. religion.
e. values.
Answer: e
78 Which of the following examples
demonstrates a company's appreciation of another country's values?
a. American companies in Germany
encourage the use of all types of credit cards.
b. In Brazil, American companies are
extremely careful to keep to a strict agenda and time schedule.
c. In Japan, Procter & Gamble
advertises its bath products by portraying intimate scenarios between husbands
and wives.
d. McDonald's restaurants in India
serve a full line of products except for hamburgers made from beef.
e. All of the above examples
demonstrate a company's appreciation of another country's values.
Answer: d
79 The norms and expectations about the
way people do things in a specific country are called:
a. morals.
b. ethics.
c. values.
d. customs.
e. beliefs.
Answer: d
80 General
Mills designed a cake mix especially for preparation in the rice cookers used
by Japanese consumers. The product
failed because the Japanese take pride in the purity of their rice and did not
want to contaminate their cookers with another food product. This product failed as the result of a(n)
_____ that General Mills did not foresee.
a. idiosyncrasy
b. ethic
c. demographic pattern
d. custom
e. belief
Answer: d
81 KFC
in Japan sells tempura crispy strips. In
northern England, it stresses gravy and potatoes, while in Thailand it offers
fresh rice. In Holland instead of
potatoes, KFC offers customers a potato and onion croquette. In France, KFC sells pastries alongside its
chicken. KFC exhibits an understanding
of and appreciation for the _____ of other societies.
a. demographics
b. symbols
c. customs
d. sensitivities
e. selective perception
Answer: c
82 The
fact that Americans prefer to scrunch their bathroom tissue (toilet paper)
while people from the United Kingdom prefer to fold their bathroom tissue is an
example of differences in the nations':
a. social classes.
b. ethics.
c. values.
d. customs.
e. beliefs.
Answer: d
83 The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act:
a. makes the money paid in bribes tax
deductible.
b. only regulates the behavior of U.S.
businesses conducting business in the U.S.
c. makes the theft of trade secrets by
foreign entities a federal crime in the U.S.
d. is a unilateral agreement the U.S.
made with several developing nations.
e. makes it a crime for U.S.
corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to
obtain or retain business in a foreign country.
Answer: e
84 Cultural symbols are things that:
a. can be protected by international
copyrights.
b. cannot be expressed by words or
characters.
c. represent values that exist solely
within a nation's boundaries.
d. represent ideas and concepts.
e. consist of pictures or designs that
represent ideas and concepts that are considered to be universal.
Answer: d
85 _____ represent ideas and concepts to
which different cultures often ascribe different meanings.
a. Con symbols
b. Symbolic concepts
c. Ideological representations
d. Cultural representations
e. Cultural symbols
Answer: e
86 Rembrandt toothpaste emphasizes in
its ads its ability to whiten teeth.
This promotion would be unsuccessful in Southeastern Asia countries
where yellowed or blackened teeth are considered desirable status symbols. The fact that the product benefit is not a
benefit worldwide is an example of differences in:
a. cultural symbols.
b. values.
c. ethics.
d. morals.
e. religious belief.
Answer: a
87 During
the 1994 soccer World Cup, both McDonald's and Coca-Cola made the mistake of
reprinting the Saudi Arabia flag, which includes sacred words from the Koran,
on disposable packaging used in promotions.
The uproar over this misuse of _____ forced a recall of the offending
items.
a. cultural symbols
b. values
c. ethics
d. morals
e. religious belief
Answer: a
88 The field of study, which examines
the correspondence between symbols and their role in the assignment of meaning
for people, is called:
a. cross-cultural analysis.
b. symbiotics.
c. back translation.
d. symbolic linguistics.
e. semiotics.
Answer: e
89. Which items are included in the negative list of
imports out of the combination given
below :
(1) Canalised items
(2) Banned items
(3) Restricted items
(4) Items of open General Licence
(A) 1, 3 and 4
(B) 2, 3 and 4
(C) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Ans. c
90. In the United States, people with
golden tans are generally seen as attractive and possibly even well-to-do. However, in other countries, such as the
Philippines, suntans are indicative of laborers and even underprivileged
people. Accordingly, U.S. businesses
should be attentive to a field of study called _____, which examines symbols
and their meanings.
a. cultural interpretive reasoning
b. cultural symbolic assignment
c. semiotics
d. cultural distinctions
e. cultural linguistic differences
Answer: c
91. When custom duty is levied according to weight of
goods it is known as :
(A) Excise duty
(B) Ad-valorem duty
(C) Revenue duty
(D) Specific duty
Ans. a
.
92 Even
though there are hundreds of different languages and dialects, the three major
languages used in global diplomacy and commerce are:
a. English, Japanese, and German.
b. English, French, and Spanish.
c. Japanese, Spanish and French.
d. Japanese, Spanish and English.
e. Spanish, English, and German.
Answer: b
93.
Back translation is:
a. recording the hidden meaning behind the
written term.
b. translating words from one foreign
alphabet into another.
c. recording the spoken word into a
foreign transliteration.
d. retranslating a word or phrase into
the original language using a different interpreter to catch errors.
e. hiring a professional interpreter to
attend all major business meetings.
Answer: d
94 If you were responsible for marketing
communications at a company that manufactures office supplies and had to
provide product literature to be distributed in France, you would be wise to
use ______, whereby you have someone to translate your literature from American
English into French, and then have someone else in France translate the French
into American English.
a. back talk
b. back translation
c. double talk
d. double dipping
e. double indemnity
Answer: b
95. Arrange the following concepts/acts in the order in
which they came into force :
(i) Competition Act.
(ii) Foreign Exchange Management Act.
(iii) Consumer Protection Act.
(iv) Securities and Exchange Board of India Act.
Code :
(A) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
(B) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
(C) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
(D) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
Ans. b
96. Arrange the following in the order of their inception
:
(i) WTO
(ii) World Bank
(iii) SAFTA
(iv) ADB
Code :
(A) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(B) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(C) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(D) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
Ans. c
97. Since
global marketing is affected by economic considerations, a scan of the global
marketplace should include:
a. a comparative analysis of the
economic development in different countries.
b. an assessment of the economic
infrastructure in the countries.
c. determination of consumer income in
different countries.
d. consideration of a country's
currency exchange rates.
e. all of the above.
Answer: e
98 The two major classifications of
stages of economic development used in the text are:
a. capitalistic and communist.
b. developed and underdeveloped.
c. developed and developing.
d. capitalistic and developing.
e. free enterprise and planned economy.
Answer: c
99 Countries
moving from an agricultural to an industrial economy are referred to as _____
countries.
a. capitalistic
b. developed
c. communist
d. developing
e. agrarian
Answer: d
100 Private
enterprise dominates _____ countries although they have substantial public
sectors as well.
a. developing
b. communist
c. developed
d. socialistic
e. third-world
Answer: c
101 A
country's communication, transportation, financial, and distribution systems
are considered its:
a. capital infrastructure.
b. political infrastructure.
c. economic infrastructure.
d. geopolitical network.
e. ecosystem.
Answer: c
102 The
term economic infrastructure refers to:
a. everything that constitutes what a
country is.
b. the people and the wealth of a
nation.
c. a country's communication,
transportation, financial, and distribution systems.
d. all of a country's natural
resources, whether or not they are currently being exploited.
e. the military-industrial complex of a
nation.
Answer: c
103. A
country's economic infrastructure consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. distribution systems.
b. telephone lines.
c. roads.
d. banks.
e. political system.
Answer: e
104. Match the following :
List - I List - II
(a) Capital Market (i) IRDA
(b) Monetary Policy (ii) SEBI
(c) Telecom (iii) RBI
(d) Insurance (iv) TRAI
Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(C) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
(D) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
Ans. b
105. Foreign
countries with very low per capita incomes may, nonetheless, be attractive
markets for expensive goods. To get a
more accurate picture of a country's purchasing power, a country's _____ must
also be considered.
a. total income
b. total area
c. geographical location
d. culture
e. income distribution
Answer: e
106 A(n)
_____ is the price of one country's currency expressed in terms of another
country's currency.
a. balance of price
b. currency exchange rate
c. reciprocity price
d. balance of payments
e. equity exchange factor
Answer: b
107. Match the following :
List - I List
- II
(a) Matching Principle (i)
Ignores future profit estimations
(b) Materiality Principle
(ii) Normal basis for valuing assets
(c) Conservatism Principle (iii) Revenues and expenses of a particular period
(d) Cost Principle
(iv) Relates to relative size or importance of item or event
Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
(B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(D) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Ans. b
108. Fluctuations
in _____ among the world's currencies are of critical importance in global
marketing.
a. immigration
b. transportation
c. reciprocity
d. exchange rates
e. equity
Answer: d
109. Match the
following :
List - I List
- II
(Export Processing Zones) (Location in City)
(a) Uttar Pradesh (i)
Noida
(b) Tamil Nadu (ii)
Chennai
(c) West Bengal (iii)
Falta
(d) Andhra Pradesh (iv)
Visakhapatanam
Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iii)
(ii) (iv) (i)
(B) (ii)
(i) (iii) (iv)
(C) (i)
(ii) (iii) (iv)
(D) (i)
(ii) (iv) (iii)
Ans. c
110 _____ in a country is directly affected
by numerous factors including the government's orientation toward foreign
companies and trade with other countries.
a. Culture
b. Political stability
c. Income
d. Psychographics
e. Demographics
Answer: b
111. Which of the following is not matched against its
name ?
(A) ASEAN : Economic co-operation amongst all Asian
Countries
(B) IMF : To remove unfavourable balance of payment and
to provide financial
assistance
(C) WTO : Does not allow quantitative restrictions on
trade
(D) SAARC : Encourages trade between South Asian
Countries
Ans. c
112 Standards
for registration and certification of a manufacturer's quality management and
quality assurance system are _____ standards.
a. XK-90
b. 7-300ZX
c. IPD 2000
d. ISO 9000
e. none of the above
Answer: c
113 Producing
goods in one's home country and selling them in another country is called:
a. foreign exchange.
b. countertrading.
c. transporting.
d. exporting.
e. facilitating.
Answer: d
114. Indirect
exporting is:
a. offering the right to a trademark,
patent, trade secret, or similarly valued item of intellectual property in
return for a royalty or fee.
b. contracting with a foreign firm to
manufacture products according to stated specifications.
c. when a foreign country and a local
firm invest together to create a local business.
d. when a firm sells its
domestically-produced goods in a foreign country through an intermediary.
e. when a firm sells its domestically-produced
goods in a foreign country without intermediaries.
Answer: d
.
115 When
a firm sells its domestically produced goods in a foreign country through an
intermediary, it is using:
a. direct exporting.
b. indirect exporting.
c. licensing.
d. contract manufacturing.
e. foreign assembly.
Answer: b
116 Indirect exporting occurs when a firm
sells its domestically produced goods in a foreign country:
a. in violation of a quota.
b. without paying import duties.
c. without paying export duties.
d. through an intermediary.
e. without billing in blocked currency.
Answer: d
117 Direct
exporting is:
a. offering the right to a trademark,
patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in
return for a royalty or fee.
b. contracting with a foreign firm to
manufacture products according to certain specifications.
c. when a foreign country and a local
firm invest together to create a local business.
d. when a firm sells its
domestically-produced goods in a foreign country through an intermediary.
e. when a firm sells its
domestically-produced goods in a foreign country without intermediaries.
Answer: e
118. SEZ Policy in India is motivated by the experience
of :
(A) Japan
(B) China
(C) USA
(D) Germany
Ans. b
119. Licensing
is:
a. offering the right to a trademark,
patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in
return for a royalty or fee.
b. contracting with a foreign firm to
manufacture products according to certain specifications.
c. when a foreign country and a local
firm invest together to create a local business.
d. having a company handle its own
exports directly, without intermediaries.
e. exporting through an intermediary,
which often has the knowledge and means to succeed in selling a firm's product
abroad.
Answer: a
120 Offering
the right to a trademark, patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of
intellectual property in return for a royalty or fee is called:
a. direct exporting.
b. indirect exporting.
c. licensing.
d. contract manufacturing.
e. foreign assembly.
Answer: c
121 A form of low risk and capital-free
entry into international marketing that includes local manufacturing and local
assembly is called:
a. indirect exporting.
b. direct ownership.
c. joint ventures.
d. licensing.
e. direct exporting.
Answer: d
122 Two
variations on licensing are:
a. contract manufacturing and contract
assembly.
b. contract manufacturing and
franchising.
c. contract manufacturing and joint
ventures.
d. foreign assembly and franchising.
e. foreign assembly and joint ventures.
Answer: a
123 Contract
manufacturing is:
a. offering the right to a trademark,
patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in
return for a royalty or fee.
b. contracting with a foreign firm to
manufacture products according to stated specifications.
c. contracting between a foreign
country and a local firm to invest together to create a local business.
d. having a company handle its own
exports directly, without intermediaries.
e. exporting through an intermediary,
which often has the knowledge and means to succeed in selling a firm's product
abroad.
Answer: b
124 Companies,
which contract with a foreign firm to manufacture products according to stated
specifications are using:
a. direct exporting.
b. indirect exporting.
c. licensing.
d. contract manufacturing.
e. contract assembly.
Answer: d
125 Contracting
with a foreign firm to assemble parts and components that have been shipped to
that country is called:
a. direct exporting.
b. indirect exporting.
c. licensing.
d. contract manufacturing.
e. contract assembly.
Answer: e
126 Contract
assembly is:
a. offering the right to a trademark,
patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in
return for a royalty or fee.
b. contracting with a foreign firm to
assemble parts and components that have been shipped to that country.
c. when a foreign company and a local
firm invest together to create a local business.
d. having a company handle its own
exports directly, without intermediaries.
e. exporting through an intermediary,
which often has the knowledge and means to succeed in selling a firm's product
abroad.
Answer: b
127 Which of the following is an advantage
inherent in the use of licensing?
a. high entry costs
b. high risk
c. the ability to gain information
about the dynamics of the market
d. increased employment in the company
licensing its brand or technology
e. all of the above
Answer: c
128 Which of the following is a
disadvantage associated with licensing?
a. lower wages and prices
b. creates its own competition
c. increase of profit potential
d. complete control of the product
e. the firm's reputation is improved if
it selects a poor choice as a licensee
Answer: a
129 A
joint venture in international marketing is:
a. offering the right to a trademark,
patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in
return for a royalty or fee.
b. contracting with a foreign firm to
manufacture products according to certain specifications.
c. when a foreign company and a local
firm invest together to create a local business.
d. having a company handle its own
exports directly, without intermediaries.
e. exporting through an intermediary,
which often has the knowledge and means to succeed in selling a firm's product
abroad.
Answer: c
130 An arrangement in international
marketing in which two companies, a foreign company and a local firm, invest
together to create a local business is called:
a. direct exporting.
b. joint venture.
c. licensing.
d. local manufacturing.
e. local assembly.
Answer: b
131 Direct
investment in international marketing means:
a. offering the right to a trademark,
patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in
return for a royalty or fee.
b. contracting with a foreign firm to
manufacture products according to certain specifications.
c. when a foreign company and a local
firm invest together to create a local business.
d. having a company handle its own
exports directly, without intermediaries.
e. a domestic firm actually investing
in and owning a foreign subsidiary or division.
Answer: e
132 When
a domestic firm actually invests in and owns a foreign subsidiary or division,
it is called:
a. direct investment.
b. joint venture.
c. licensing.
d. local manufacturing.
e. local assembly.
Answer: a
133. Match the following :
List - I List
- II
(a) WTO (i)
Provides loans to address short-term balance of payments problems.
(b) RBI
(ii) Multilateral trade negotiating body.
(c) IMF (iii)
Facilitating lending and borrowing for reconstruction and development.
(d) IBRD (iv)
Central Bank of India.
Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(B) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(C) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
(D) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Ans. c
134 Which
form of entry into a foreign market requires the greatest commitment?
a. direct exporting
b. direct investment
c. joint venture
d. licensing
e. indirect exporting
Answer: b
135 In
international marketing the product strategy of selling virtually the same
product in other countries is called product _____ strategy.
a. extension
b. globalization
c. adaptation
d. invention
e. integration
Answer: a
136 The
company that makes Breathe-Right nasal strips sells the same product in other
countries. This is an example of which
type of international product strategy?
a. product extension
b. product customization
c. product adaptation
d. product invention
e. product integration
Answer: a
137 Changing
a product in some way to make it more appropriate for a country's climate or
preferences is an example of which type of product strategy?
a. product extension
b. product customization
c. product adaptation
d. product invention
e. product integration
Answer: c
138. India abolished the quantitative restrictions on
imports of 1429 items in 2000 and 2001 as per the
commitment to which of the following ?
(A) South Asian Free Trade Association (SAFTA)
(B) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
(C) World Trade Organisation (WTO)
(D) Non-Alig
Ans. a
139. Match the following two lists of
statements.
List – I List
– II
I. Rate at which RBI gives loans to
Commercial Banks by discounting bills 1. Bank rate
II. Rate at which RBI borrows from
Commercial Banks 2.
Repo rate
3. Prime
lending rate
Codes :
I II
(A) 3 1
(B) 2 1
(C) 1 2
(D) 3 2
Ans. c
140 Designing a product to serve the unmet
needs of a foreign nation is which type of product strategy?
a. product extension
b. product customization
c. product adaptation
d. product invention
e. product integration
Answer: d
141 What
is the term for a firm selling a product in a foreign country below its
domestic price or below its actual cost?
a. competition
b. monopolistic practice
c. globalization
d. dumping
e. channeling
Answer: d
142 _____ is a situation where products are
bought in a lower-priced country from a manufacturer's authorized reseller,
shipped to higher-priced countries, and sold through unauthorized channels of
distribution below the manufacturer's suggested retail price.
a. Black market
b. Gray market
c. Monopolized market
d. Globalized market
e. Parallel exporting
Answer: b
143. Globalization is a term used to
describe the process of removal of
restrictions on which of the
following ?
(A) Foreign Trade
(B) Investment
(C) (A) and (B) both
(D) None of the above
Ans. c
144. Which of the following statements about the sale of
Breathe Right strips in the international market is true?
a. The Breathe Right strip was first
introduced in Japan.
b. A lot more in-store sampling was
used.
c. Awareness was created during the
introduction phase through sports-related and other types of public relations
activities.
d. The South African rugby team wore
the strips when they won the World Cup of rugby.
e. All of the above statements about
the sale of Breathe Right strips in the international market are true.
Answer: e
145 Which
of the following statements explains why CNS, the maker of the Breathe Right
strips, and 3M made good distribution partners internationally?
a. Breathe Right strips fit in well
with 3M's existing adhesive line of first-aid products.
b. The strips are sold in channels with
which 3M has leverage, such as pharmacies, hypermarkets, and food markets.
c. 7-3M used a marketing strategy
similar to CNS's break with the Super Bowl in the U.S. by having the South
African rugby team wear the strips during the World Cup, televised through the
world.
d. U.S. national awareness was
indicated by discussions on TV talk shows and appearances of the trip in
cartoons. 3M recreated this by having pulmonologists and breathing experts
describe the product on talk shows in Japan, Australia, Europe, and Latin
America.
e. All of the above statements explain
why CNS and 3M made good distribution partners internationally.
Answer: e
146. The MRTP Act, 1969 was abolished in
(A) 1991
(B) 2002
(C) 2006
(D) None of the above
Ans. c
147. Foreign Exchange and foreign
currencies in India are governed by
(A) SCRA Act
(B) Banking Regulation Act
(C) FEMA Act
(D) SEBI Act
Ans. c
148. Match the following economic institutions with the
year of their establishment :
(a) World Bank
(i) 1946
(b) International Finance
Corporation (ii)
1956
(c) International
Development Agency (iii)
1960
(d) Asian Development
Bank (iv)
1966
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
(C) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(D) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
Ans. b
149. Physical delivery of foreign exchange has to take
place in case of :
(A) Forward Market
(B) Spot Market
(C) Futures Market
(D) Options Market
Ans. b
150. A letter of credit means :
(A) A bank agreeing to accept and pay on due date
(B) A letter containing conditions of credit purchase or
sale
(C) A letter sent by exporter to importer sanctioning
credit deal
(D) A letter sent by importer to exporter sanctioning
credit deal
Ans. c
151. Which of the following is a document of the title of
sale of goods ?
(A) Certificate of Origin
(B) Letter of Credit
(C) Bill of Lading
(D) Bill of Entry
Ans. d
152. Arrange the following Acts in the order in which
they came into force :
(i) The Monopolies & Restrictive Trade Practices Act
(ii) Indian Contract Act
(iii) The Sale of Goods Act
(iv) The Foreign Exchange Management Act
Code :
(A) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(B) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(C) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(D) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Ans. a
153. Match the following
List-I
List-II
(Industry) (Investment
limit)
(a) Small Scale Enterprise (i) Rs. 25 Lakhs
(b) Tiny Enterprise
(ii) Rs. 10 crores
(c) SME Sector Enterprise (iii) Rs. 5 crores
(d) Export Oriented Small Scale
Enterprise (iv)
Rs. 1 crore
Code :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
(B) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(C) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
(D) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
Ans. d
154. Match the following
List-I List-II
(a) IBRD
(i) Uruguay Round
(b) WTO (ii)
ECAFE
(c) ADB (iii)
Bretton Wood
(d) IDA (iv)
Established by World Bank
Code:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(B) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(C) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
(D) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Ans. c
155. FEMA signifies :
(A) Free Export Management Act
(B) Foreign Exchange Management Act
(C) Foreign Exchange Monitoring Act
(D) Free Export Marketing Act
Ans. c
156. Match the following :
List-I List-II
(a) Merchandise exports (i)
Purchase of foreign goods
(b) Merchandise imports (ii)
Sales of goods abroad
(c) Investment Income (iii)
Largely caused by excess of imports over
exports in merchandise
(d) Balance of Payments Deficits (iv) Dividends, interest etc. received from abroad
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(B) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(C) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(D) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
Ans. b
157. Statements :
(i) The greater a firms degree of operating leverage, the
more its EBIT will vary with
respect to fluctuations in sales.
(ii) The greater a firms degree of operating leverage,
the less its EBIT will vary with
fluctuations in sales.
(A) Both correct
(B) Both incorrect
(C) (i) correct, (ii) incorrect
(D) (i) incorrect, (ii) correct
Ans. a
158. Consumers have the right :
(i) to be protected against goods and services that are
hazardous to life and property.
(ii) to assured , wherever possible, access to a variety
of goods and services at notional
prices.
Code :
(A) Both (i) and
(ii) are correct
(B) Both (i)
and (ii) are wrong
(C) Only (i) is
correct
(D) Only (ii) is correct
Ans. c
159. Match the following legislations with the year of
their enactment :
(a) Industries (Development and Regulation ) Act (i) 1969
(b) Foreign Exchange Management Act (ii)
1951
(c) Securities Exchange Board of India Act
(iii) 1999
(d) Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act (iv) 1992
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
(B) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
(C) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(D) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
Ans. a
160. Which of the following is not a mode of foreign
capital inflow to India ?
(A) FDI
(B) FII
(C) NRI Accounts
(D) None of the above
Ans. d
161. Foreign Trade Policy 2008- 09
forecasts the share of India’s trade in World Trade at :
(A) 1.2 %
(B) 1.3 %
(C) 1.4 %
(D) 1.5 %
Ans. b
162. Which combination of the following factors has driven globalisation in the recent past ?
I. Growth of multinational corporations.
II.
Internationalisation of finance.
III. Increased
international trade.
(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) II and III
(D) I, II and III
Ans. c
163. In balance of payment accounts, all
goods exported and imported are
recorded in ________.
(A) Capital
Account
(B) Visible
Account
(C) Invisible
Account
(D) Merchandise
Account
Ans. d
164. Match the following with the year of
establishment :
List – I List – II
(a) World Trade
Organisation
i. 1993
(b) Uruguay Round
Negotiation
ii. 1995
(c) W.T.O. – Trade
Policy Review
Body
iii. 1997
(d) The Patents
(Amendment)
Act.
iv. 1999
Codes :
(a) (b) (c)
(d)
(A) i iii iv ii
(B) i iv iii ii
(C) ii i iii iv
(D) iv ii i iii
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